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Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR or ESSR; (エストニア語:Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik) ENSV; (ロシア語:Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика) ЭССР, ''Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika'' ESSR) was a republic of the Soviet Union, administered by and a subordinate of the Government of the Soviet Union. The ESSR was initially established on the territory of the Republic of Estonia on July 21, 1940, following the invasion of Soviet troops on June 17, 1940, and the installation of a puppet government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Estonia a Soviet state. The Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the USSR on August 9, 1940.〔The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (Postcommunist States and Nations) David J. Smith from Front Matter ISBN 0-415-28580-1〕〔Estonia: Identity and Independence: Jean-Jacques Subrenat, David Cousins, Alexander Harding, Richard C. Waterhouse on Page 246. ISBN 90-420-0890-3〕 This territory was also occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944.
Most countries did not recognise the incorporation of Estonia ''de jure'' and only recognised its Soviet government ''de facto'' or not at all. A number of these countries continued to recognize Estonian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former governments.〔Diplomats Without a Country: Baltic Diplomacy, International Law, and the Cold War by James T. McHugh , James S. Pacy, Page 2. ISBN 0-313-31878-6〕 This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that ''de jure'', Estonia remained an independent state under illegal occupation throughout the period 1940–91.〔David James Smith, ''Estonia: independence and European integration'', Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0-415-26728-5, pXIX〕
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed "Republic of Estonia" on May 8, 1990, and the independence of the Republic of Estonia was re-established on August 20, 1991.
== History ==
In the aftermath of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, Estonia was left into the Soviet sphere of interest and incorporated into the Soviet Union as a Soviet Socialist Republic. The history of Soviet Estonia formally begins with the establishment of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1941.
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